ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ
ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΗ ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΣ
Super User
3a. New Petitions
After the Great Entrance the priest goes into the holy Sanctuary and he sends up to God a new series of petitions. These are ten petitions and they prepare the faithful spiritually to offer the Mystery of the holy Eucharist.
Let us examine the first two of these petitions.
1. “For the precious Gifts, here presented, let us pray to the Lord”.
If the Gifts are precious, why do we need this petition? Yes, they are precious. They have been pure since the Service of Preparation. But now they are on the holy Table and the great Mystery is about to take place. The bread will become Christ's Body and the wine will become Christ's Blood; and the priest calls everyone who is going to receive Communion, to pray.
Also, at this time when the precious Gifts are placed on the Table, we are being told to remember that our hearts must be clean of every evil and vengeful stain, as the Lord has said: "So, if you are about to offer your gift to God at the altar and there you remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there..." (Mt 5:23-24). That is to say, unless you forgive your enemies, you should not offer gifts. Look at your gifts on the holy Table: Your hearts must be pure!
2. The next petition is "For this whole day, that it may be perfect, holy, peaceful and sinless..."
God appointed the day for man's work. As David says in the Vesper Psalm: "The sun ariseth, and they are gathered together, and they lay them down in their dens. But man shall go forth unto his work, and to his labour until the evening' (Ps (104:22-23)103:22-23). Day is the time to work, and you can see everybody, except for the sick, the old and the lazy, leaving for work in the morning. But during the day, they meet with problems, snags and temptations stemming from many sources. We are not living in a society of angels and archangels; we are living in a society of men having faults and vices. All of us are encircled by temptations from within and around. As St. Anthony the Great once saw in a vision, the entire earth is filled with traps, and wherever we go or wherever we are, if we are not careful, we are in danger of falling into sin. Traps in the cities, traps in the towns, traps in the streets and squares, and even traps in deserts and monasteries, where you may think there are no temptations!
What do we need to save ourselves from life's many temptations? First of all, we need attention. Let us pay attention to our thoughts, because every sin and crime starts there. If we stay alert and drive evil thoughts out of our minds, we will have the first victory over temptation. Because temptation comes on us very strongly and we are spiritually weak, we need God's help. Whoever thinks he has a strong character and is invincible, he is in a position to commit even more horrible crimes. There are terrible times in our lives that can destroy all spiritual life, and only the divine grace can save those who ask for it in humility. Therefore, let us pray at the beginning of every day that it may be "perfect, holy, peaceful and sinless."
Λειτουργικό κήρυγμα (Κυριακή ἀσώτου)
Ἡ ἱστορία τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σέ τέσσερις φάσεις
Ἡ παραβολή τοῦ ἀσώτου (Λκ 15,11-32) χαρακτηρίσθηκε ὡς τό εὐαγγέλιο τῶν εὐαγγελίων, ὡς τό μαργαριτάρι ὅλων τῶν παραβολῶν. Σ' αὐτή τή σύντομη παραβολή παρουσιάζεται μέ ἀκρίβεια ἡ ἱστορία τοῦ ἀνθρώπου -θά ἔλεγα ἡ παγκόσμια ἱστορία- σέ τέσσερις σταθμούς: ἀποστασία - καταστροφή, ἐπιστροφή - σωτηρία. Αὐτό εἶναι καί τό περιεχόμενο ὅλης τῆς ἁγίας Γραφῆς.
Ὁ ἄνθρωπος πλάσθηκε ἀπό τόν Θεό καί τοποθετήθηκε στόν παράδεισο. Ἀποσκίρτησε ὅμως, ἔγινε ἀντάρτης καί ἀναρχικός. Καί αὐτή ἡ ἀνταρσία του τόν ἀπομάκρυνε ἀπό τόν Θεό. Καί τά ἀποτελέσματα; Ὅσα γράφουν ὅλοι οἱ ἱστορικοί καί τά γνωρίζουμε κι ἐμεῖς ἀπό τήν πραγματικότητα: ἡ καταστροφή, ἡ τραγωδία, οἱ πόλεμοι, ἡ ἀναρχία, ἡ ἀδικία, ἡ διαφθορά, ἡ ἀνηθικότητα, οἱ αὐτοκτονίες, κ.ἄ. Καί ἡ λύση τοῦ δράματος; Μία: ἡ ἐπιστροφή, ἡ μετάνοια. Μέ τή μετάνοια ὅλα ἀποκαθίστανται, ὅλα γίνονται παράδεισος· ὁ ἄνθρωπος πλέον υἱοθετεῖται καί γίνεται παιδί τοῦ Θεοῦ καί εἶναι ὑποψήφιος τῆς αἰώνιας βασιλείας.
Ἀναφέρω ἀπό τήν ἴδια τήν παραβολή ὁρισμένα σημεῖα. Ὁ ἄσωτος ζεῖ μέσα στήν ἀθλιότητα. Κατήντησε χοιροβοσκός. Κι ἐνῶ τά γουρούνια πού βόσκει χορταίνουν ξυλοκέρατα, αὐτός δέν μπορεῖ νά γεμίσει τήν κοιλιά του. Ἡ συνειδητοποίηση τῆς κατάστασής του δημιουργεῖ ἕναν τρανταγμό μέσα του, μιά ἀναστάτωση, ἡ ὁποία τόν φέρνει στά συγκαλά του. «Εἰς ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἐλθών», σημειώνει ὁ Λουκᾶς. Αὐτό σημαίνει ὅτι πρίν ἦταν ἐκτός ἑαυτοῦ, ἦταν τρελός. Ὄντως ἡ ἀποστασία ἀπό τόν Θεό, ἡ καταπάτηση τοῦ θείου θελήματος εἶναι τρέλα, ὅπως εἶναι τρέλα νά ἐγκαταλείψει μέ τή θέλησή του ἕνας ὁδηγός τό κατάστρωμα τοῦ δρόμου καί νά ρίξει τό αὐτοκίνητό του στόν γκρεμό. Ἦταν τρελός, λοιπόν, καί ὅταν ἦλθε στά συγκαλά του, ἀποφασίζει νά ἐπιστρέψει στόν πατέρα του, νά πέσει στά πόδια του μέ μετάνοια, μέ συντριβή καί νά πεῖ: «πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου καὶ οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου· ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου».
Καί ὁ σπλαγχνικός πατέρας εἶδε ἀπό μακριά τό παιδί καί, παρόλο πού ἦταν σέ ἐλεεινή κατάσταση, τό ἀναγνώρισε. Τό περίμενε, τό ζητοῦσε μέ ἀγωνία. Μέ ἀμείωτη στοργή καί πατρική ἀγάπη τό ἀγκάλιασε καί τό φιλοῦσε. Καί ὄχι ἁπλῶς τό φιλοῦσε, ἀλλά τό καταφιλοῦσε.
Τί μεγάλο πράγμα ἡ μετάνοια! Εἶναι τό θαῦμα τῶν θαυμάτων! Ἡ μετάνοια εἶναι ἐκείνη πού κάνει τόν Θεό νά ἀγκαλιάζει τόν πιό μεγάλο ἁμαρτωλό. Τί λέγω; Ἡ μετάνοια κάνει τόν Θεό νά μετανοεῖ. Αὐτό ὅταν τό πρωτοδιάβασα στήν ἁγία Γραφή συγκλονίστηκα. Τί δύναμη ἔχει αὐτή ἡ μετάνοια! Τό σχέδιο τοῦ Θεοῦ εἶναι ὅτι πρέπει ἡ ἀποστασία νά τιμωρηθεῖ· «πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔ- λαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν» (Ἑβ 2,2). Κι ὅμως, ἐνῶ αὐτή εἶναι ἡ ἀπόφαση, φαίνεται νά μετανοεῖ ὁ Θεός. Δέχεται τόν ἁμαρτωλό, τόν ἀγκαλιάζει καί τόν συγχωρεῖ. Ἀντί νά μᾶς καταστρέψει, μᾶς ἁγιάζει καί μᾶς δοξάζει. Ὤ δύναμη πού ἔχει ἡ μετάνοια!
Καί μάλιστα, ὅπως τό τονίζει κατ᾽ ἐπανάληψη ἡ ἁγία Γραφή, ὁ Θεός ὁ παντογνώστης, ὁ πάνσοφος δέν θυμᾶται -κρατῆστε το καλά αὐτό- δέν θυμᾶται τίς ἀνομίες μας, τίς ἀδικίες μας, τίς ἁμαρτίες μας! Πότε; Ὅταν μετανοήσουμε καί μέ δάκρυα, συντριβή καί Ἐξομολόγηση ζητήσουμε τό ἔλεός του. Τότε μέ τό αἷμα του ξεπλένει καί ἐξαφανίζει τίς ἁμαρτίες. Τό βεβαιώνει· «καὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ἀνομιῶν αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ μνησθῶ ἔτι» (Ἰζ 38,34· Ἑβ 8,12). Καί τό βλέπουμε καί στήν παραβολή.
Δίδει ὁ πατέρας ἐντολή στούς δούλους του νά ντύσουν μέ τή στολή τήν πρώτη, τήν ὡραία τόν γιό του πού ἐπέστρεψε, πού ἦταν νεκρός καί ἀναστήθηκε, χαμένος καί βρέθηκε. Νά τόν ντύσουν γιά νά μή φαίνονται οἱ κακίες καί οἱ ἁμαρτίες, νά φαίνεται βασιλόπουλο. Ἀκόμη νά τοῦ δώσουν δαχτυλίδι στό χέρι πού σημαίνει ὅτι τοῦ δίδει ἐξουσία, τήν ἐξουσία τῆς υἱοθεσίας, ὅτι εἶναι παιδί του. Δέν ὑπάρχει μεγαλύτερη ἐξουσία ἀπό τό νά εἶναι κανείς παιδί τοῦ Θεοῦ, κληρονόμος τῆς περιουσίας καί τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ, συγκοινωνός καί συμμέτοχος μέ τόν Θεό στήν αἰώνια βασιλεία· «ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτόν, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα Θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ» (Ἰω 1,12). Καί αὐτή τήν ἐξουσία τή δίδει στό παιδί του πού ἀποστάτησε, πού καταπάτησε τό θέλημά του, πού ἔκανε ὅ,τι ἔκανε, πού κατήντησε ἐκεῖ πού κατήντησε. Γιατί; Διότι μετανόησε.
Καί τό καταπληκτικό: δίδει ἐντολή νά σφάξουν «τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν», τό μοσχάρι πού ἰδιαίτερα τό τάιζαν γιά μεγάλη πανήγυρη. Οἱ πατέρες καί οἱ διδάσκαλοι ἑρμηνεύουν ὅτι «ὁ μόσχος ὁ σιτευτός» εἶναι ὁ ἀμνός τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ ὁποῖος θυσιάζεται, γιά νά μᾶς ξεπλύνει ἀπό τίς ἁμαρτίες, νά μᾶς θρέψει μέ τό σῶμα του καί τό αἷμα του ὥστε νά ἔχουμε ζωή αἰώνια.
Τήν παραβολή αὐτή τοῦ ἀσώτου τή χαρακτηρίζουν οἱ πατέρες καί παραβολή τοῦ σπλαγχνικοῦ πατέρα. Ὁ σπλαγχνικός πατέρας, ὁ πολυέλεος, ὁ μακρόθυμος εἶναι ὁ Κύριος καί Θεός μας, ὁ ὁποῖος δέχεται τόν ἄσωτο, ὅταν μετανοήσει, ξεχνάει ὅλα τά κακά καί τόν ἔχει στήν Ἐκκλησία του μέλος ζωντανό καί ὑποψήφιο γιά τήν αἰώνια βασιλεία του.
Ἀδελφοί μου, συνοψίζω ὅσα εἶπα ἐπαναλαμβάνοντας τά τέσσερα κύρια σημεῖα πού ἔχει ἡ παραβολή τοῦ ἀσώτου: ἡ ἀποστασία ὁδηγεῖ στήν καταστροφή, ἡ ἐπιστροφή ὁδηγεῖ στή σωτηρία. Ὅλοι ἔχουμε ἀνάγκη ἀπό μετάνοια καί ἀπό τήν ἀγάπη τοῦ σπλαγχνικοῦ πατέρα πού μᾶς σώζει.
Στ. Ν. Σάκκος
Κυ 31-1-2010, Φίλυρο
Μόνο καταστροφή
Δέν πρόλαβε νά κλείσει τό ἐπετειακό ἔτος ἀπό τά 200 χρόνια τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς Ἐπανάστασης καί στόν ΣΚΑΙ, ὕστερα ἀπό δέκα χρόνια, «ἔσκασε» νέα ἐθνοαποδομητική βόμβα. Πρόκειται γιά μιά σειρά ντοκιμαντέρ πού προβλήθηκε τόν Ἰανουάριο, μέ γενικό τίτλο «Καταστροφές καί Θρίαμβοι». Ἕνα ὁδοιπορικό μέσα ἀπό ἑφτά ἱστορικούς κύκλους τῆς ἱστορίας μας, ἀπό τό ξέσπασμα τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς Ἐπανάστασης μέχρι τήν πρόσφατη οἰκονομική κρίση, ὅλες μέ κοινά χαρακτηριστικά ὅπως: μεγαλόπνοα σχέδια, μεγάλες καταστροφές ἀλλά καί ἐντυπωσιακούς θριάμβους. Τό ἀφήγημα τῆς σειρᾶς εἶναι θετικό καί αἰσιόδοξο. Κάθε ἐπεισόδιο κλείνει μέ τήν μεγάλη ἀνατροπή, δείχνοντας πώς τελικά μέσα ἀπό κάθε καταστροφή ξεπηδᾶ ἕνας θρίαμβος καί ἡ χώρα συνεχίζει νά προοδεύει. Τό κεντρικό ἐρώτημα εἶναι: Πῶς τελικά καταφέρνουμε νά μετουσιώνουμε τίς καταστροφές σέ θριάμβους; Ἕνα ἐρώτημα πού δέν εἶναι τόσο ἱστορικό, ὅσο πολιτικό, καθώς ὑποχρεώνει τήν ἔρευνα νά προσαρμοστεῖ ἐπιτακτικά στήν ἐξήγηση τῆς «καταστροφῆς» ἤ τοῦ «θριάμβου», παγιώνοντας μιά ἀντίληψη ἱστορικοῦ πεπρωμένου γιά τή χώρα ἡ ὁποία βασίζεται σέ πολύ συγκεκριμένα πολιτικά κριτήρια, ἀφήνοντας στό σκοτάδι κεντρικές ὄψεις τῆς ὑπό ἐξέταση ἐποχῆς.
Ἤδη ἀπό τόν τίτλο τοῦ πρώτου ἐπεισοδίου, «Μιά χώρα γεννιέται», ἀναδύονται ἀνιστόρητα ἀναθεωρητικές ἀναθυμιάσεις προκαλώντας δυσφορία σέ κάθε ἀνύποπτο Ἕλληνα, ἁπλῶς ἀπόφοιτο Γυμνασίου, πού θά θελήσει μέ φιλομάθεια νά παρακολουθήσει αὐτήν τήν κατά τά ἄλλα ἐντυπωσιακή σειρά. «Ἦταν ἕτοιμος ὁ Ἑλληνισμός γιά τήν ἐπανάσταση. Ἀλλά ποιός Ἑλληνισμός; Δέν εἶναι οἱ φτωχοί ἀγρότες καί οἱ κτηνοτρόφοι. Εἶναι οἱ ἔμποροι καί οἱ διανοούμενοι, γιατί ἔχουν ἀντιληφθεῖ ὅτι τό brand name "Ἕλληνας" εἶναι κάτι πολύ σημαντικό στήν Εὐρώπη», θά δηλώσει μέ στόμφο ἕνας ἀπό τούς ἔγκριτους ἱστορικούς πού συμμετεῖχε στή συζήτηση. Οἱ ἔμποροι καί οἱ διανοούμενοι, λοιπόν, πού εἶχαν τό προνόμιο καί τή δυνατότητα ἐπιλογῆς νά ζοῦν σέ συνθῆκες ἐλευθερίας καί ἀξιοπρέπειας στήν Ἑσπερία, συνέλαβαν τήν ἰδέα τῆς δημιουργίας μιᾶς χώρας, τύπου startup, μέ ἕνα ἰδιαίτερα «πιασιάρικο» brand name γιά ἐκείνη τήν ἐποχή! Πῶς ἐξηγοῦν ὅμως τό γεγονός, ἀκόμα καί ἀγράμματοι ἀγρότες καί κτηνοτρόφοι νά ἐπιμένουν νά δίνουν στά παιδιά τους ἀρχαιοελληνικά ὀνόματα;
«Ἡ ἰδέα τῆς δημιουργίας ἑνός ἀνεξάρτητου ἑλληνικοῦ κράτους τήν ἐποχή ἐκείνη ἦταν ὄχι ἁπλά πρωτότυπη, ἀλλά ρηξικέλευθη», θά δηλώσει ἄλλος θριαμβευτικά (θά ἔλεγα εγώ, μᾶλλον καταστρο-φικά). Δέν θέλω νά πιστεύω ὅτι δέν διάβασαν ποτέ στά Ἀπομνημονεύματα τοῦ Κολοκοτρώνη (ἐκτός ἄν δέν τόν συνάντησαν πουθενά στήν ἱστορία πού προσπαθοῦν νά μᾶς διδάξουν) τήν ἀπάντηση πού ἔδωσε στόν Χάμιλτον, ὅταν τόν συμβούλεψε ὅτι πρέπει οἱ Ἕλληνες νά ζητήσουν συμβιβασμό μέ τήν Τουρκία μέ τή μεσολάβηση τῆς Ἀγγλίας. «Ἐμεῖς, καπετάν Ἄμιλτον, ποτέ συμβιβασμόν δέν ἐκάναμεν μέ τούς Τούρκους. Ἄλλους ἔκοψε, ἄλλους ἐσκλάβωσε μέ τό σπαθί, καί ἄλλοι καθώς ἐμεῖς ἐζήσαμεν ἐλεύθεροι ἀπό γενεά εἰς γενεά. Ὁ βασιλεύς μας ἐσκοτώθη, καμιά συνθήκη δέν ἔκαμε. Ἡ φρουρά του εἶχε παντοτεινόν πόλεμον μέ τούς Τούρκους καί δύο φρούρια ἦταν ἀνυπόταχτα. Μέ εἶπε: Ποιά εἶναι ἡ βασιλική φρουρά του, ποιά εἶναι τά φρούρια; Ἡ φρουρά τοῦ βασιλέως μας εἶναι οἱ λεγόμενοι κλέφτες, τά φρούρια, ἡ Μάνη καί τό Σούλι καί τά βουνά». Γιά ποιούς ἄραγε νά μιλάει αὐτός ὁ μή ἔμπορος, καί φεῦ, μή διανοούμενος, οἱ ὁποῖοι ζοῦν ἐλεύθεροι ἀπό γενιά σέ γενιά, μέ βασιλιά πού σκοτώθηκε, μέ φρουρά καί φρούρια πού ἀντιστέκονται ἀκόμα, καί σέ ποιὀ βασίλειο;
Ἀλήθεια, ὁ καθηγητής Πολιτικῆς Ἐπιστήμης Στάθης Καλύβας, πού σκηνοθέτησε αὐτή τή σειρά «Καταστροφές καί Θρίαμβοι», βασιζόμενη στό ὁμώνυμο βιβλίο του, καί οἱ 35 κορυφαῖοι εἰδικοί μέ τούς ὁποίους διαλέγεται, ὅταν παρουσιάζουν τήν πρόσφατη ἱστορική ἔρευνα γιά τήν Ἑλληνική Ἐπανάσταση ἐννοοῦν τή δική μας Ἐπανάσταση τοῦ 1821; Αὐτήν πού ἔγινε στά δικά μας χώματα, πού τά κατοικοῦμε καί τά δοξάζουμε ἐδῶ καί τρεῖς χιλιάδες χρόνια; Τότε πού οἱ τουρκικές θηριωδίες, ἡ ἑλληνική αὐτοθυσία, καί ὁ χωρίς ἐπιστροφή ἀγώνας τῶν Ἑλλήνων γιά τήν ἐλευθερία, εἶχαν συνταράξει τίς συνειδήσεις σέ ὁλόκληρο τόν δυτικό κόσμο καί κατέστησαν σαφές ὅτι ἐπρόκειτο γιά τή μάχη ἑνός μικροῦ, πανάρχαιου ἔθνους για τήν ἀπελευθέρωσή του ἀπό τήν ὀθωμανική βαρβαρότητα;
Στό ἐρώτημα πού ἔγινε στόν συγγραφέα-σκηνοθέτη ποιά εἶναι ἡ κύρια αἰτία στήν ὁποία ἀποδίδει αὐτές τίς συχνές καταστροφές ἀλλά καί τό πετυχημένο γύρισμα σέ θρίαμβο κάθε φορά, εἶπε: «Σέ σχέση μέ τό μέγεθος τῆς χώρας μας ἔχουμε ἀσυνήθιστη φιλοδοξία, γι’ αὐτό καί οἱ καταστροφές πού περνᾶμε τραβοῦν πάνω μας τήν παγκόσμια προσοχή». Ἐμεῖς, δηλαδή, σάν λαός μέ τίς ἐπιλογές μας συνεχῶς ὁδηγούμαστε σέ καταστροφές καί ἐκείνο πού διασφαλίζει στό σχῆμα «καταστροφές - θρίαμβοι» τή συνέχεια τῶν επιτευγμάτων, καθιστώντας τίς καταστροφές πρόσκαι-ρες, εἶναι ἡ ἐπέμβαση τῶν ξένων! Ὁδηγούμαστε δηλαδή στόν θρίαμβο ἀπό ἐξωγενείς παράγοντες, σχεδόν ἀπό σπόντα!
Χαρακτηριστικό ἱιστορικό παράδειγμα γιά αὐτό ἀναφέρουν τήν πολυσυζητημένη ναυμαχία τοῦ Ναυαρίνου, στήν ὁποία οἱ συνασπισμένες ναυτικές δυνάμεις Ἀγγλίας, Γαλλίας καί Ρωσίας κατέστρεψαν τόν τουρκοαιγυπτιακό στόλο καί «ἀναχαίτισαν ὁριστικά τήν καταστροφική ὁρμή τοῦ ἀήττητου Ἰμπραήμ, πού εἶχε καταλάβει τήν Πελοπόννησο καί εἶχε καταστείλει τήν Ἐπανάσταση, ἀφήνοντας πίσω του ἀποκαΐδια». Ποιόν Ἰμπραήμ ἐννοοῦν καί ποιά Πελοπόννησο; Ἐκεῖνον πού ἀπέτυχε νά ἀναγκάσει τούς ἐξαθλιωμένους Ἕλληνες νά προσκυνήσουν καί παγιδεύτηκε σέ στρατηγικό ἀδιέξοδο στήν δυσανάλογα μικρή γιά τόν ὄγκο τοῦ στρατεύματός του Πελοπόννησο; Ἤ μήπως θεωροῦν ὅτι τό ἀπόρθητο Ναύπλιο καί ἡ Μάνη, στήν ὁποία ἐπανειλημμένα νικήθηκε, δέν ἀνήκουν στήν Πελοπόννησο;
«Καταστροφή», λοιπόν, χαρακτηρίζουν τήν ἥττα τῶν Ἕλλήνων στό στρατιωτικό ἐπίπεδο, χωρίς νά ἀναφερθοῦν στήν τιτάνεια ἀντίσταση ἐκείνων τῶν ἀγράμματων καί φτωχῶν γιά ἐννέα ὁλόκληρα χρόνια, καί «θρίαμβο» τή διάσωση τῆς Ἐπανάστασης ἀπό τίς ξένες δυνάμεις καί τή δημιουργία τοῦ ἀνεξάρτητου Ἑλληνικοῦ κράτους πού μᾶς τήν χάρισαν ἀπό ἐντελῶς ἁγνά καί φιλελληνικά αἰσθήματα! Τήν ὁρμή τοῦ Αἰγύπτιου Μοχάμετ Ἄλη ἤθελαν νά ἀναχαιτίσουν, ὁ ὁποῖος πίσω ἀπό τήν Πελοπόννησο ἔβλεπε τήν κατάκτηση τῆς Κωνσταντινούπολης, κι αὐτό βόλεψε νά γίνει σέ ἑλληνικά ἐδάφη τή συγκεκριμένη χρονική στιγμή.
Δέν διαθέτω τήν κατάλληλη ἐπιστημονική κατάρτιση γιά νά τολμήσω νά ἀναθεωρήσω ὅλα τά ἀνιστόρητα πού μοῦ προκάλεσαν ἀσφυξία. Αὐτό ἄς τό ἀναλάβουν οἱ Ἕλληνες ἱστορικοί. Μέχρι νά «σκάσει» ἡ ἑπόμενη βόμβα ἔχουν διάστημα δέκα ἐτῶν. Ἐγώ, διαπιστώνοντας τό μέγεθος τῆς ἀποδόμησης πού θά προκαλέσει αὐτή ἡ πολύκροτη σειρά, θά τήν ὀνόμαζα «Θρίαμβος καί καταστροφή». Μπορεῖ οἱ τριανταπέντε ἐπιστήμονες νά θριαμβολογοῦν γιά τόν ἐθνοαποδομητικό μηχανισμό πού κατάφεραν νά στήσουν, ὅμως τό ἀποτύπωμα πού ἄφησαν στή σκέψη τῶν νέων παιδιῶν εἶναι καταστροφικό. Σέ ἕναν διάλογο πού πραγματοποίησε στή συνέχεια ὁ κ. Καλύβας μέ ἐπιλεγμένους μαθητές Λυκείου γιά τό τί προσέλαβαν ἀπό τά συγκεκριμένα ντοκιμαντέρ εἶπαν: «Σ’ αὐτό πού πρέπει νά δώσουμε περισσότερο προσοχή εἶναι ὅτι πρέπει νά δοκιμάσουμε διαφορετικά πράγματα. Νά ξεχάσουμε τό παρωχημένο καί τετριμμένο. Νά μήν ἀντιμετωπίζουμε τήν ἱστορία μέ τόσο ἡρωισμό. Εἶναι τό παρελθόν μας καί πρέπει νά τό σεβόμαστε, ἀλλά πρέπει νά κατεβάσουμε ἀπό τό βάθρο τἡν ἡρωισμό τοῦ παρελθόντος»!
Ὑπάρχει μεγαλύτερη καταστροφή γιά ἕνα ἔθνος ὅταν ἀνδρώνει τέτοιους γενίτσαρους;
Δια-κριτικός
«Συντροφιά μέ τούς Νεομάρτυρες»
Ἀξίζει τά σύγχρονα Ἑλληνόπουλα νά μαθητεύσουν στίς σεμνές μορφές τῶν Νεομαρτύρων,
νά γνωρίσουν τή ζωή τους καί νά τούς ἁγιογραφήσουν.
ΖΗΤΗΣΤΕ ΤΟ ΣΤΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΠΩΛΕΙΟ "ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ", Γ. Μπακατσέλου 5, Θεσ/νίκη, τηλ. 2310 274518
καί στό ἠλεκτρονικό μας βιβλιοπωλεῖο https://www.apolytrosis-books.gr
«Συμφέρουσα συναλλαγή»
ΣΤΕΡΓΙΟΥ ΣΑΚΚΟΥ
Μέσα στήν πολυτάραχη κοινωνία μας συχνά διασαλεύονται οἱ διαπροσωπικές μας σχέσεις.
Κι εἶναι γεγονός πώς κάθε ἀντιπαράθεση καί σύγκρουση ἀφήνει ἔντονα καί ζωηρά τά ἀποτυπώματά της μέσα μας.
Μποροῦμε νά ἀπαλλαγοῦμε ἀπό αὐτές τίς ἀνεπιθύμητες καταστάσεις; Πῶς;
Αὐθεντικές ἀπαντήσεις στά ἐρωτήματα αὐτά προσφέρει τό νέο αὐτό βιβλίο.
ΖΗΤΗΣΤΕ ΤΟ ΣΤΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟΠΩΛΕΙΟ "ΑΠΟΛΥΤΡΩΣΙΣ", Γ. Μπακατσέλου 5, Θεσ/νίκη, τηλ. 2310 274518
καί στό ἠλεκτρονικό μας βιβλιοπωλεῖο https://www.apolytrosis-books.gr
Saint Nektarios
Translation from the Book
Ὁ Θεός στήν ἱστορία τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, Βοήθημα Κατωτέρου Κατηχητικοῦ Γ΄,
ἐκδ. «Χριστιανική Ἐλπίς» Ὀρθόδοξη Ἀδελφότητα, Θεσσαλονίκη 2016, σσ. 42-46
A saint of the twentieth century
(November 9th)
Have you ever realized that we might have a saint living among us? You might be wondering how this is possible in our time. Do not think that this is strange. Every age, even ours, has its saints. And these saints move very simply and silently among us, that is why no one realizes their presence immediately.
Saint Nektarios was a simple child. He was the fifth out of six children from a poor family. When he was thirteen years old, in 1859, he left his birthplace, Silivria in eastern Thrace, and went to Constantinople to find work and get educated.
He was a young child, but with strong faith. That is why he was not afraid in the face of difficulties. The merchant, near whom he would work, was suddenly forced to immigrate to a faraway place. Therefore, young Anastasis - that was his baptismal name - could not follow him. Thus, he found himself in the big city alone, unknown among strangers. He was not alone, though. He had an inseparable friend and companion, Jesus Christ, whom he believed in and loved. With His power he could face the problems of life with courage.
He found work in a workshop where he had to stack tobacco balls in large boxes and crates. He had to work from very early in the morning until late at night. Unfortunately, his boss was constantly angry, he was furious at everyone. However, Anastasis did not lose his courage. Every day he did his prayer and started his work with confidence.
And when night came, he had a special joy. He carried out a secret missionary plan that he had come up with: He took separately more than fifty wrappers, in which the boxes with the tobacco were wrapped, and he wrote passages from the Bible and words of the Fathers on them! He had collected such passages in a thick notebook, which he carried with him. He had learned a lot of them by heart, as well. He felt so happy that he could offer them to people! This poor man could donate the most precious pearls! And how wonderful! Ever since Anastasis started this beautiful habit, his work started flourishing. The orders they would get were increasing!
But as winter arrived, poverty hit Anastasis hard. Because of time and effort, his clothes and his shoes were worn out. That year, the winter was heavy, with a lot of snow and endless rains. The child was cold and he suffered terribly. One night, he decided to approach his boss and ask for help. But he looked at him with contempt and spoke sternly to him. He showed no desire to support him.
Anastasis soaked his pillow in tears that night. When he fell asleep for a while, he saw in his dream the omnipotent Christ. He asked him why he was crying, but he could not answer. When he woke up, it was still dawn, so he decided to write a letter. He took a piece of paper and a pencil and wrote: "Christ, you asked me why I was crying. My clothes and my shoes are worn out, my toes have come out and I suffer. I'm cold in the winter now. I went to my boss yesterday and he sent me away ... Christ, what can I do? Forgive me for bothering you. I worship and adore you, your slave Anastasios ". The child with the simple but strong faith put his letter in an envelope and wrote: "For the Lord Jesus Christ". Address: "To heaven".
It was still dawn when he set off for the post office. He had to post other letters, as well. On the way to the post office, he met his neighbor, Mr. Themistoklis, who had a shop with frames opposite his workplace. He was also going to the post office. Seeing Anastasis running with holes in his shoes in the cold morning, he felt sorry for him and was he showed willingness to post his letters, too.
Α week later, Anastasis was in for an unexpected surprise. He received a postal parcel. Sender: Jesus Christ! So, did he receive his letter? And now what does he send him? With trembling hands, full of wonder and emotion Anastasis opened the package. His eyes watered. The package contained brand new clothes and shoes! He fell on his knees and thanked his beloved Christ with tears.
However, his sufferings were not over. His boss, as soon as he saw him well dressed, made some evil thoughts. He thought that Anastasis had stolen his new clothes and shoes, and started beating him mercilessly. "I'm not a thief, I'm not a thief, sir," the child repeated, crying.
The neighbor heard their voices and immediately ran to reveal the truth. He was the "angel" who had sent the parcel on behalf of Christ. He was surprised when he saw the envelope with Jesus Christ and read its contents. Moved by the child's need and fervent prayer, he wanted to give him a present. Nevertheless, Anastasis was in for a second gift by Mr. Themistoklis: He was hired in his shop, to work in better conditions.
After a few years, the little boy grew up. He became a teacher and later a monk, called "Nektarios". He studied at the Theological School of Athens and rose to high ecclesiastical positions in Alexandria, Egypt, until he became bishop of the Diocese of Pentapolis. However, his adventures in life were not over. Some people envied Saint Nektarios and slandered him with numerous false accusations. It is worthwhile to become familiar with his life in more detail, so as to admire the bravery of his soul, his trust in God, and his forbearance. Despite being very poor, and not having to eat for a few days, he did not say a bad word about any of his enemies.
Later, he became director of the Rizarios Ecclesiastical School of Athens. Students there were destined to become theologians or priests. Saint Nektarios preached about faith and love to them. He used to lead by example. One night, he was cleaning the toilets of the school when he was "caught in the act" by the school principal. Why would he do such a thing? Well, the cleaner and his assistant, who constantly quarreled with each other, would often leave the toilets dirty, so Saint Nektarios did the job for them so as not to lose their salaries. His humiliation shocked both of them and they decided to change their behavior.
Saint Nektarios remained humble until the end of his life, without malice for his enemies. That is why God glorified him. Immediately after his death, on November 9, 1920, the saint began to scent and perform miracles. Today in the island of Aegina a glorious temple has been erected in his name and many pilgrims embrace his holy relics with reverence.
Saint Nektarios is a saint of the twentieth century. A lot of other saints followed: Saint Paisios, Saint Porphyrios, Saint Iakovos, Saint Sophia of Kleisoura. Our world has been constantly sending saints to heaven for centuries now. That's why we said in the beginning that maybe saints walk among us.
What if a lot of people are falling more and more into corruption? There are always the few chosen of God. And they are "the salt of the earth" and "the light of the world" (Mt 5: 13, 14). We put a little salt in the food, but it makes it taste better. And a small candle is enough with its small flame to light the deep darkness. So, the few people of God make the lives of people "tastier" and beautiful and they enlighten the world with the light of hope. May all of us, with the help of Saint Nektarios and the desire to "become a saint" in our hearts, believe and love Christ with all the power of our hearts! Amen.
Copyright © 2021 by Orthodox Christian Association «ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΕΛΠΙΣ» ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΗ ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΤΑ. All rights reserved.
Paul the Apostle
Translation from the Book
Ὁ Θεός στήν ἱστορία τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, Βοήθημα Κατωτέρου Κατηχητικοῦ Γ΄,
ἐκδ. «Χριστιανική Ἐλπίς» Ὀρθόδοξη Ἀδελφότητα, Θεσσαλονίκη 2016, σσ. 12-17
Do you know any other great apostle of Christ besides the Twelve Apostles? Apostle Paul! 
Do you know who was Paul before he met Christ? He was a fierce persecutor of Christians! He entered Christian houses, grabbed men and women and sent them to prison. Everyone was afraid and terrified because of him. He chased Christians not only in Jerusalem but also in other cities. He aimed to drag them all in chains to Jerusalem, leave none free.
Why so much hatred? What Christ and His students were to be blamed for? Paul was a pure Jew. He loved God, he studied the Old Testament and he followed precisely its law. When he heard about Jesus, he thought that a new religion had emerged, which misled Jews from the worship of the real God. This infuriated him! He wished to eradicate Jesus's name and exterminate His followers.
His actions were as a result of his zeal for the real God and his ignorance, so God did not leave him in the dark for long. He opened the eyes of his soul in a wondrous way.
Paul was on his way to Damascus in Syria in order to arrest Christians. As he was approaching to the city, suddenly a light from the sky shone brightly around him. Dazzled and blinded he fell down. While he was lying on the ground he heard a voice; "Saul Saul why are you chasing me? (Saul was his Hebrew name and Paul his roman one). Who is talking to him? Where is the voice coming from?
- "Who are you Lord?", startled Paul asked.
- "I am Jesus whom you are chasing", the Unknown's voice replied. "Stand up and go to Damascus where you shall find what you have to do."
The men of his company were also startled! They heard the voice but they could see nobody! When Paul stood up, his eyes were open but he couldn't see. His escort guided him by holding his hand until they reached Damascus. There he stayed for three days and three nights without being able to see. He neither ate nor drank anything.
A pious Christian, named Ananias lived in Damascus. He received Christ's command to go to meet Paul and cure him. Ananias was hesitant at first.
- My Lord I have heard a lot about this man. Christians of Jerusalem have suffered immensely due to him! He came here with the same purpose, to bring bound to Jerusalem those who believe in You.
- Go Ananias, the Lord replied, for I have chosen him to preach my gospel to heathens as well.
Indeed, Ananias went to the house where Paul was staying. He put his hands on him and said; "Saul, my brother, Jesus who revealed Himself to you on your way, sent me to you so that your vision is restored and you receive the Holy Spirit". Then something like scales fell off Paul's eyes! He could see! More importantly, he could see more clearly with the eyes of his soul that Christ was the real God. He was then baptized and he became a fiery apostle of Christ.
He started preaching immediately. He went to the synagogues, places where Jews gathered to study the Old Testament, and he explained that Jesus is the Messiah whom prophets spoke of, using unarguable points. He confirmed Jesus is the Son of God.
Everybody was surprised. "Isn't this man the fearsome prosecutor of Christians?" they wondered. Fanatic Jews even came up with a devious plan to kill him. They put guards at the gates of Damascus and waited for him to cross in order to kill him!
Some Christians found out about this plan. For this reason, they lowered Paul down from the walls of Damascus, hidden in a big basket! Paul left Damascus and returned to Jerusalem.
There fanatic Jews sought again to kill him. Therefore, Christians helped him escape and he found refuge in his hometown Tarsus.
What did Paul do after this adventure? Was he scared? Did he cower in some corner and was silenced? No! Be proud of how the fiery apostle threw himself in the missionary work!
From place to place, from town to town he speaks of Christ and His Resurrection. Think of the fact that there weren't advanced means of transportation at his time. He travels on foot for uncountable kilometers! He walks across dirt roads, over mountains and across the coast side. He doesn't spare fatigue or the threats against his life. In Lystra he is stoned and almost killed. The moment some Christians helped him up, he continued his mission with his wounds still open! Nothing could restrain him. He had only one wish, burning in his heart; to preach the Gospel to the whole world! Indeed he managed to preach not only in Palestine and several cities in Asia, but he also crossed seas, he reached Cyprus, Greece and even Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. In other words, he traversed the whole known world of that era.
Do you know where he preached in Greece? In Philippi, Thessaloniki, Veria, Athens, Corinth. He is the apostle of Greece! He was the first to bring the light of the Gospel and destroy the darkness of idolatry. In this wondrous work he had valuable partners, his student Timothy, the evangelist Luke, Silas and others.
While he was touring the world, he was writing letters and epistles to Christians who lived in the cities he had passed or to his students, giving advice, resolving problems and answering questions. 14 Epistles are included in the New Testament, written under the influence of the Holy Spirit. Among them there are the Epistle to the Phillipians, two Epistles to the Thessalonians and two to the Corinthians.
Mission
Paul the apostle dedicated his life to a great cause; preaching the Gospel of Christ everywhere. Wherever he went he was the mouth of Christ.
Nowadays God is searching for children - not adults only- to give them this sacred mission too; to become His mouth, to carry His words, His truth, His light to all the people who don't know Him.
There are kids in your school who know very few about Christ and His Gospel. There are people in your neighborhood, maybe even in your family, among your relatives who don't go to church, don't read the Holy Scripture, don't pray. Who will talk to them about Christ? Who will show them the right path?
God is searching. Will he find children who love Him to start a mission?
♦ To invite other kids to come to the Sunday school.
♦ To bring younger and older people to the church on Sunday.
♦ To give advise using Christ's words.
♦ To encourage others to read the Holy Scripture.
♦ To introduce a Christian magazine, to give a gift a Christian book.
Το not rest unless they guide a soul towards Christ! Children who love Christ ask at their prayers; "Christ, please help me bring a soul closer to You!"
Mission is the biggest benefaction. A former heathen who got baptized said; "If I am found worthy to go to heaven, firstly I will run and kneel before Christ for saving me with His sacrifice on the Cross. Immediately after, I will run and kiss the hands of the missionary who talked to me about Christ. He is my greatest benefactor since he is the person who introduced me to Christ my redeemer!"
Imagine ourselves being able to offer such a great benefaction; to help people learn about Christ! Is there something else that can manage to give us more happiness than that?
Paul the Apostle of Christ
you spread His Word worldwide
His sacred message nowadays
please help me assert likewise!
Copyright © 2021 by Orthodox Christian Association «ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΕΛΠΙΣ» ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΗ ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΤΑ. All rights reserved.
2g. The Grateful Thief
It’s time for the Great Entrance now. The priest comes out through the northern door, proceeds and comes before the Beautiful Gate. The congregation with their heads bowed in reverence welcome the precious gifts. Then the priest says: “May the Lord, our God, remember us all in his Kingdom, now and ever, and unto ages of ages.” These words are a petition to Christ. They are taken from the prayer which the grateful thief, who was crucified to the right of Christ, said, “Remember me, Lord, when you come into your kingdom” (Lk 23:42). At that moment of the Divine Liturgy, we remember this grateful criminal and we repeat his moving and touching prayer. He is presented as an example of faith and sincere repentance. No one is born a criminal or a saint. He becomes one. A child may be born with a heavy heredity which he receives from his parents and may have the inclination and tendency towards crime. But in spite of the pressure the sinful nature exercises on man, he is still free to choose the good or the bad.
All of us know from the Holy Gospels that Pontius Pilate, the governor of Judea, made a great effort that Christ might not be condemned to death, as his fanatic enemies were asking. Pilate having in his mind a custom which took place during the holy day of Passover, according to which the governor would spare the life of a condemned convict, whoever the people wanted, proposed to set Christ free. But the mob which was made fanatical by the archpriests, the scribes and the pharisees, cried out “no”! Pilate retreated and signed the condemnation of Christ. Two thieves were to be executed together with him.
So, the two thieves with Christ between them, carrying their crosses, climbed to terrible Golgotha. Many people accompanied them. Christ’s enemies even in this hour, cursed and mocked him. The two thieves were influenced by the general clamor and they too, were insulting him.
But Christ on the cross, before delivering up his spirit to the heavenly Father, did a miracle. One of the thieves who was crucified at Christ’s right side, realized that Christ was not a common man, because he hid in himself an unattainable grandeur. In the cruel hours of the crucifixion, when people lost control of themselves, cursed and swore, Christ blessed and prayed for his crucifiers. His words “Forgive them, Father; for they do not Know what they do” (Lk 23:34), touched the thief’s heart. He undertook Christ’s defense and rebuked the other thief. If he were free, he would fall before Christ’s feet and ask for his mercy. His body was tied but his soul was free and flew to heavenly worlds and directed a prayer. It is a prayer which since then and until the end of the ages will touch the sinners’ hearts and will be their own prayer: “Remember me, Lord, when you come into your kingdom” (Lk 23:42).
f) Jesus Twelve Years Old in the Temple (Lk 2:41-52)
Translation from the book:
Στεργίου Ν. Σάκκου, Ἑρμηνεία στό κατά Λουκᾶν Εὐαγγέλιο, τόμ. Α΄,
ἐκδ. «ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΕΛΠΙΣ» ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΗ ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΤΑ, Θεσ/νίκη 2008, σσ. 122-130
(Stergios N. Sakkos [Read CV], A Commentary on the Gospel according to St. Luke, vol. A', pp. 122-130)
It was the first time in 2:41-52 when Jesus revealed who he was, that God is his father. It is particularly interesting that already at the age of twelve Jesus identified himself as the Son of God. Then, during his public ministry, he gradually revealed his God-man nature through his preaching and signs. This passage also informs us where and how Jesus lived until the beginning of his public ministry, up to the age of thirty.
2,41. Καὶ ἐπορεύοντο οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ κατ᾿ ἔτος εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῇ ἑορτῇ τοῦ πάσχα.
2:41 His parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast of the passover.
The family environment in which Jesus was born and raised was distinguished for the reverent observance of their ancestors’ Judaic traditions. According to the law (see Ex 23:14-17; 34:23-24; Lev ch. 23; Deut 16:1-17), the pious Israelites visited the temple of Solomon every year on the three great feasts: Passover, Pentecost and Tabernacles. Later, due to the dispersion in various places this was not easy. The people of Palestine, however, tried to go to the temple at least once a year. The law required only men to attend the feasts (see Ex 34:23). However, any pious women who wished to go were also allowed to be there. Mary followed Joseph “every year”, to Jerusalem on the feast of the Passover.
The distance from Nazareth to Jerusalem was quite significant. The journey, which was made on foot or by animal, took about three days. Many times, the Samaritans prevented the Jews from passing through their country or the Jews themselves avoided passing through Samaria. So, they had to cross the Perea in order to avoid Samaria. The journey became more tiring and time-consuming. But their desire to get to God’s temple and meet with other brethren, overcame all obstacles. On their ascent to Jerusalem, they sang the “Song of Ascents” (see Ps 120-134 (119-133).
2,42. Καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἐτῶν δώδεκα, ἀναβάντων αὐτῶν εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἑορτῆς.
2:42 And when he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem according to the custom of the feast.
Every year Joseph and Mary went to Jerusalem on the days of the Passover but it is not stated whether they took Jesus with them. In the incident recorded by Luke, it was probably the first time Jesus had ever gone up to Jerusalem. According to the rabbis’ teaching, the boy of a Jewish family was to begin his sacred studies at the age of five. When he was in his twelfth year, he was to know Yahweh’s whole law, he was called “son of the law”, was considered an adult and was obliged to observe the legal regulations as an adult. At this age he also began to attend the synagogue.
In the earlier years Joseph and Mary probably did not take Jesus in Jerusalem, because they considered it dangerous for him to appear there, while King Archelaus was in power (see Mt 2:22-23). He was Herod’s son, just as wicked as his father who murdered the little children. But after nine years of reigning, Archelaus had already been exiled to Switzerland. To this nine-year period, if we add two more years, corresponding to the age of Jesus on his return from Egypt, we conclude that Archelaus' exile coincided with the completion of Jesus' eleventh year. Therefore, Jesus who was twelve years old, could have been presented fearlessly in Jerusalem.
For the expression “they went up to Jerusalem” see comments on 2:4.
2,43. καὶ τελειωσάντων τὰς ἡμέρας, ἐν τῷ ὑποστρέφειν αὐτοὺς ὑπέμεινεν Ἰησοῦς ὁ παῖς ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ οὐκ ἔγνω Ἰωσὴφ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ.
2:43 And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, and Joseph and his mother did not know it.
Seven days lasted the celebration of the Passover, during which the Jews ate unleavened bread (see Lev 23:6; Deut 1:3), as their ancestors had eaten before they had left Egypt (see Ex 12:8; 15). The believers, however, were obliged to stay in Jerusalem on the two main days of the feast. They made sure they were there on the eve of the 14th of Nisan, ate the Passover lamb with bitter greens, and left on the third day. Many, of course, who came from distant lands stayed in the holy city until they also celebrated Pentecost (cf. Acts 2:5). The Galileans, poor people, usually came for two or three days and then returned to their work; those who could, came again for Pentecost. Luke notes “when they had fulfilled the days” to show that the holy family remained in Jerusalem for the seven days of the feast.
Joseph and the virgin Mary, therefore, after the end of the feast, set out for their homeland. But Jesus did not return with them; he “remained”, he stayed behind. By divine providence, “Joseph and his mother did not know it” did not perceive Jesus’ absence, lest they should prevent him from fulfilling his plan. Many, of course, wonder how it was possible that the parents could not have been aware of the child's absence during the whole day. The question is solved in the following verses.
2,44-45. Νομίσαντες δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ συνοδίᾳ εἶναι ἦλθον ἡμέρας ὁδὸν καὶ ἀνεζήτουν αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς συγγενέσι καὶ ἐν τοῖς γνωστοῖς· καὶ μὴ εὑρόντες αὐτὸν ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ ζητοῦντες αὐτόν.
2:44-45 But they, supposing him to have been in the company, went a day's journey; and they sought him among their relatives and acquaintances; and when they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem, seeking him.
All those who travelled to Jerusalem formed a great caravan. The women with the little children marched in front, and the men with the older ones behind. So, Jesus' mother thought that the child was with Joseph, while Joseph thought that Jesus was with his mother. After all, they trusted him completely. His exemplary obedience and his amazing prudence had never caused them any worry. So, they did not seek him out until the time they had to settle in for the night. Because they could not find him among the relatives and acquaintances, among whom they sought him, they returned to Jerusalem.
2,46-47. Καὶ ἐγένετο μεθ᾿ ἡμέρας τρεῖς εὗρον αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καθεζόμενον ἐν μέσῳ τῶν διδασκάλων καὶ ἀκούοντα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπερωτῶντα αὐτούς· ἐξίσταντο δὲ πάντες οἱ ἀκούοντες αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ.
2:46-47 After three days they found him in the temple, sitting among the rabbis, listening to them and asking them questions; and all who heard him were amazed at at his intelligence and his answers.
Jesus was found “after three days”; on the evening of the first day Joseph and the Virgin realized his absence, on the second day they returned -"went a day's journey" again (v. 44)- and on the third they found him. He was “in the temple”, in one of the galleries where the teachers of the law taught. It seems that even after the end of the feast some Jews of the diaspora remained in Palestine. The pious teachers stayed in the temple and taught God’s law. Jesus participated in such a group, too.
The expression “sitting among the rabbis” shows that the Lord took the place of the teacher. He was evidently listening to the rabbis’ teaching and was asking his questions as a disciple, since Joseph and the virgin Mary found him “listening to them and asking them questions”. But such was his wisdom that he quickly turned his teachers into disciples. There were, moreover, certain issues which the rabbis ignored and others which they misunderstood. Jesus clarified many points, answered questions, and offered valuable knowledge. Everyone who heard him was “amazed”, astonished, and filled with admiration. A twelve-year-old child made them hang on his every word!
It is not stated what the subject of their discussion was. It might had been on the hot issue which preoccupied the Jews: the coming of the Messiah, the hope of Israel, the redemption. Perhaps he explained to them that the kingdom of the Son of Man would not be earthly, perhaps he would also allude to his passion. We do not know for sure. But we can assume all these, as they became later Jesus’ preaching and revelation.
2,48. Καὶ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν ἐξεπλάγησαν, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ εἶπε· τέκνον, τί ἐποίησας ἡμῖν οὕτως; ἰδοὺ ὁ πατήρ σου κἀγὼ ὀδυνώμενοι ἐζητοῦμέν σε.
2:48 When they saw him, they were astonished and his mother said to him; "My child, why have you behaved thus to us? Behold your father and I have been searching for you anxiously."
Joseph and the virgin Mary “were astonished”, marvelled and wondered at the place where they found the child, and at the words which they heard. As is evident from their surprise, they did not immediately interrupt him, but listened to his dialogue with the teachers who surrounded him. There were also some other instances for which they were amazed because of the little Jesus (see Lk 2:18. 33). Now another fact was added that made a special impression on them.
With the anxiety of a loving mother, Mary was the first to speak. She, after all, was more closely connected with the child than Joseph. She did not, of course, rebuke Jesus. She expressed her wonder, “why have you behaved thus to us”, she is unaware of the reason for his action which caused them disturbance and sorrow. “Your father and I have been searching for you anxiously" his mother emphasized. As it is known from the historians of that time, Palestine was living through days of great political upheaval and national turmoil. Jerusalem, as a national and religious centre, was the focus of revolutions and rebellions against the conquerors. It became therefore, obvious that the parents' anxiety over the absence of young Jesus, was intensified.
Mary called Joseph Jesus’ "father", because that was how he appeared in the people’s eyes.
2,49. Καὶ εἶπε πρὸς αὐτούς· τί ὅτι ἐζητεῖτέ με; οὐκ ᾔδειτε ὅτι ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου δεῖ εἶναί με;
2:49 And he said to them, "How is it that you sought me? Did you not know that I must be in my father's house?"
This short verse reveals great truths. Some argue that Jesus' conversation with his mother took place in private, when they had already departed from the teachers. But Jesus' response, which shows his intention to reveal his divine nature, does not lead to such a conclusion.
Jesus rebuked his parents because they were worried. Was it possible for him to be lost? Shouldn't they have known where to find him after all the hints they had about him? Moreover, when his mother said to him, "your father and I have been searching for you anxiously", Jesus gently but firmly corrected her, saying, "Did you not know that I must be in my father's house?" She spoke to him of his supposed father; but he revealed his real father, revealing that he is God’s Son (cf. Jn 5:18). These are Jesus’ first words, recorded in the Gospels, his first preaching, before he even began his public ministry.
No one before Jesus called God his father. Later, through the Sunday prayer, he taught his disciples to call him so. This is the name of God, which Jesus revealed -according to his word "I have manifested your name to men" (Jn 17:6)- that God is triune and is our Father. This sweet name we ourselves also pronounce. For Jesus, of course, God is his natural father but we are his children thanks to his grace (cf. Jn 20:17; Rom 8:14-17; Gal 4:6-7).
2,50. Καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐ συνῆκαν τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς.
2:50 And they did not understand the saying which he spoke to them.
Luke inserted this verse into the narrative of this incident, probably an explanation of the Virgin herself, to show that Jesus' words contain a depth that could not be explored. Joseph and Mary gradually penetrated it. At that particular moment they could not understand why Jesus made this revelation, the proclamation that God is his Father. Would he begin his public ministry or would he continue to be with them?
2,51. Καὶ κατέβη μετ᾿ αὐτῶν καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς Ναζαρέτ, καὶ ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος αὐτοῖς. Καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ διετήρει πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς.
2:51 And he went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them. And his mother kept all these incidents in her heart.
The phrase “was obedient to them” briefly summarizes Jesus’ life up to the age of 30 years old. Jesus is a model of submission for all children. He, to whom everything is submitted, submitted to Joseph and worked with him! Not even to angels were granted such an honor to that which was done to Jesus’ "parents". Indeed, after the event described in this passage, it seemed that he could be freed from their guardianship. But until he took up his public ministry, he continued to live humbly and informally, poorly and simply, in obedience to Joseph, his supposed father, and to the virgin Mary, his mother. His life in its outward behavior was like that of the other children of the peasants. He spent his days in silence and obscurity, occupied with the daily chores of the family, like David who was caring for his father's sheep, like Jeremiah in his priestly family in the Anathoth of the Benjamin’s land, like Amos in the little town of Tekoa among his sheep and the sycamore trees which he cultivated.
Nowhere else in the rest of the Gospel do we find Joseph. We conclude from this that Joseph died before Jesus began his public ministry.
The Virgin always “kept all these incidents in her heart”, she kept in her heart all the miraculous events concerning Jesus (cf. v. 19). Much more, of course, she kept as a precious treasure the words and deeds of her own son. Besides, mothers undoubtedly record in their memory with historical consistency the details of their children's early years. The evangelist Luke's observations on the inner world of the virgin Mary is another proof that reinforces the view that Jesus’ mother was the basic and fully reliable source of his information.
2,52. Καὶ Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτε σοφίᾳ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ καὶ χάριτι παρὰ Θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις.
2:52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and man.
Luke points out the threefold progress that Jesus displayed as a child; he increased in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and man. That is, the more he grew in age, the more his wisdom (see comments on v. 40) and grace increased in the eyes of God and men; "he satisfied God with his deeds and people praised him".
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Ὁ Ἀντίχριστος καί τό 666
Στ. Ν. Σάκκου
ΤΟ ΚΑΝΑΛΙ ΜΑΣ
